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New Date/Time API


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With Java 8, a brand new Date-Time API is delivered to cowl the subsequent drawbacks of antique date-time API.

  • Not thread-safe − java.util.Date isn't thread-safe, as a consequence builders ought to address concurrency problems whilst the usage of date. The new date-time API is immutable and no longer has setter strategies.
  • Poor layout − Default Date begins off evolved from 1900, the month begins off evolved from 1, and the day begins off evolved from 0, so no uniformity. The antique API had much less direct strategies for date operations. The new API gives several software strategies for such operations.
  • Difficult time sector handling − Developers needed to write lots of code to address timezone issues. The new API has been advanced retaining domain-particular layout in mind.

Java 8 introduces a brand new date-time API beneath the bundle java.time. Following are a number of the vital instructions delivered in java.time bundle.

  • Local − Simplified date-time API without the complexity of timezone handling.
  • Zoned − Specialized date-time API to address numerous time zones.

Local Date-Time API

LocalDate/LocalTime and LocalDateTime instructions simplify the improvement wherein time zones aren't required. Let's see them in action.

Create the subsequent java software the usage of any editor of your preference in, say, C:> JAVA.

Java8Tester.java

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.Month;

public class Java8Tester {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Java8Tester java8tester = new Java8Tester();
      java8tester.testLocalDateTime();
   }
   public void testLocalDateTime() {
      // Get the current date and time
     LocalDateTime currentTime = LocalDateTime.now();
      System.out.println("Current DateTime: " + currentTime);
      LocalDate date1 = currentTime.toLocalDate();
      System.out.println("date1: " + date1);
      Month month = currentTime.getMonth()
      int day = currentTime.getDayOfMonth();
     int seconds = currentTime.getSecond();
      System.out.println("Month: " + month +"day: " + day +"seconds: " + seconds);
      LocalDateTime date2 = currentTime.withDayOfMonth(10).withYear(2012);
      System.out.println("date2: " + date2);
      //12 december 2014
      LocalDate date3 = LocalDate.of(2014, Month.DECEMBER, 12);
      System.out.println("date3: " + date3);
      //22 hour 15 minutes
      LocalTime date4 = LocalTime.of(22, 15);
      System.out.println("date4: " + date4);
      //parse a string
      LocalTime date5 = LocalTime.parse("20:15:30");
      System.out.println("date5: " + date5);
   }
}

Verify The Result

Assemble the Class Using javac Compiler as given below:

C:\JAVA>javac Java8Tester.java

Run the Java8Tester as given:

C:\JAVA>java Java8Tester

Your outcome Should be:

Current DateTime: 2014-12-09T11:00:45.457
date1: 2014-12-09
Month: DECEMBERday: 9seconds: 45
date2: 2012-12-10T11:00:45.457
date3: 2014-12-12
date4: 22:15
date5: 20:15:30

Zoned Date Time API

Zoned date-time API is to be used when a zone is to be considered. And allow us to view them in working.

Create the subsequent Java program using any editor of your choice in, say, C:\> JAVA.

Java8Tester.java

import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.time.ZoneId;

public class Java8Tester {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Java8Tester java8tester = new Java8Tester();
      java8tester.testZonedDateTime();
   }
   public void testZonedDateTime() {
      // Get the current date and time
      ZonedDateTime date1 = ZonedDateTime.parse("2007-12-03T10:15:30+05:30[Asia/Karachi]");
      System.out.println("date1: " + date1);
      ZoneId id = ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris");
      System.out.println("ZoneId: " + id);
      ZoneId currentZone = ZoneId.systemDefault();
      System.out.println("CurrentZone: " + currentZone);
   }
}

Verify Your Result

Assemble the whole class with javac compiler as follows:

C:\JAVA>javac Java8Tester.java

Now, Run the Java8Tester as given:

C:\JAVA>java Java8Tester

Your Output Must Look Like:

date1: 2007-12-03T10:15:30+05:00[Asia/Karachi]
ZoneId: Europe/Paris
CurrentZone: Etc/UTC

Chrono Units Enum

java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit enum is added in Java 8 to exchange the integer values utilized in the old API to represent the day, month, etc. And allowing us to view them while working.

Create the subsequent Java program using any editor of your choice in, say, C:\> JAVA

Java8Tester.java

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;

public class Java8Tester {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Java8Tester java8tester = new Java8Tester();
      java8tester.testChromoUnits();
   }
   public void testChromoUnits() {
      //Get the current date
      LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
      System.out.println("Current date: " + today);
      //add 1 week to the current date
      LocalDate nextWeek = today.plus(1, ChronoUnit.WEEKS);
      System.out.println("Next week: " + nextWeek);
      //add 1 month to the current date
      LocalDate nextMonth = today.plus(1, ChronoUnit.MONTHS);
      System.out.println("Next month: " + nextMonth);
      //add 1 year to the current date
      LocalDate nextYear = today.plus(1, ChronoUnit.YEARS);
      System.out.println("Next year: " + nextYear);
      //add 10 years to the current date
      LocalDate nextDecade = today.plus(1, ChronoUnit.DECADES);
      System.out.println("Date after ten year: " + nextDecade);
   }
}

Verify your Result

Assemble the class using the javac compiler as follows:

C:\JAVA>javac Java8Tester.java

Now, Run the Java8Tester as given below:

C:\JAVA>java Java8Tester

Your Outcome Should look like this:

Current date: 2014-12-10
Next week: 2014-12-17
Next month: 2015-01-10
Next year: 2015-12-10
Date after ten year: 2024-12-10

Period and Duration

In Java 8 we have two new specified classes are introduced to allocate with the time differences

  • Period: Date based amount of time is dealt with by period
  • Duration: Time-based amount of time is dealt with by Duration.

Let's watch them in steps

Produce the given Java program using the editor of your choice in, say, C:\> JAVA.

Java8Tester.java

import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Period;

public class Java8Tester {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Java8Tester java8tester = new Java8Tester();
      java8tester.testPeriod();
      java8tester.testDuration();
   }
   public void testPeriod() {
      //Get the current date
      LocalDate date1 = LocalDate.now();
      System.out.println("Current date: " + date1);
      //add 1 month to the current date
      LocalDate date2 = date1.plus(1, ChronoUnit.MONTHS);
      System.out.println("Next month: " + date2);
      
      Period period = Period.between(date2, date1);
      System.out.println("Period: " + period);
   }
   public void testDuration() {
     LocalTime time1 = LocalTime.now();
      Duration twoHours = Duration.ofHours(2);
      LocalTime time2 = time1.plus(twoHours);
      Duration duration = Duration.between(time1, time2);
      System.out.println("Duration: " + duration);
   }
}

Confirm your Result

Assemble your class with javac compiler as given below:

C:\JAVA>javac Java8Tester.java

Now, Run the Java8Tester as given below:

C:\JAVA>java Java8Tester

It must Produce the output like this:

Current date: 2014-12-10
Next month: 2015-01-10
Period: P-1M
Duration: PT2H

Temporal Adjuster

Temporal Adjuster is employed to perform the date mathematics. For instance, take the "Second Saturday of the Month" or "Next Tuesday". And allow us to view them while working.

Create the subsequent Java program using any editor of your choice in, say, C:\> JAVA.

Java8Tester.java
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters;
import java.time.DayOfWeek;

public class Java8Tester {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Java8Tester java8tester = new Java8Tester();
      java8tester.testAdjusters();
   }
   public void testAdjusters() {
      //Get the current date
      LocalDate date1 = LocalDate.now();
      System.out.println("Current date: " + date1);
      //get the next tuesday
      LocalDate nextTuesday = date1.with(TemporalAdjusters.next(DayOfWeek.TUESDAY));
      System.out.println("Next Tuesday on : " + nextTuesday);
      //get the second saturday of next month
      LocalDate firstInYear = LocalDate.of(date1.getYear(),date1.getMonth(), 1);
      LocalDate secondSaturday = firstInYear.with(TemporalAdjusters.nextOrSame(
         DayOfWeek.SATURDAY)).with(TemporalAdjusters.next(DayOfWeek.SATURDAY));
      System.out.println("Second Saturday on : " + secondSaturday);
   }
}

Verify your Result

Assemble the class using the javac compiler as follow:

C:\JAVA>javac Java8Tester.java

Now, Run the Java8Tester as given

C:\JAVA>java Java8Tester

The Result Should be Like this

Current date: 2014-12-10
Next Tuesday on : 2014-12-16
Second Saturday on : 2014-12-13

Backward Similarity

A constant() method is added to the first Date and Calendar objects, which may be wont to convert them to the new Date-Time API. Use an ofInstant(Insant,ZoneId) method to urge a LocalDateTime or ZonedDateTime object. And allow us to view them working.

Create the subsequent Java program using any editor of your choice in, say, C:\> JAVA.

Java8Tester.java

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;

import java.util.Date;

import java.time.Instant;
import java.time.ZoneId;

public class Java8Tester {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Java8Tester java8tester = new Java8Tester();
      java8tester.testBackwardCompatability();
   }
   public void testBackwardCompatability() {
      //Get the current date
      Date currentDate = new Date();
      System.out.println("Current date: " + currentDate);
      //Get the instant of current date in terms of milliseconds
      Instant now = currentDate.toInstant();
      ZoneId currentZone = ZoneId.systemDefault();
      LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(now, currentZone);
      System.out.println("Local date: " + localDateTime);
      ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(now, currentZone);
      System.out.println("Zoned date: " + zonedDateTime);
   }
}

Verify your result with this:

Assemble the class with the help of Javac Compiler as given below